Implementing Recovery Oriented Practices Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Implementing Recovery Oriented Practices. Answer: Introduction Mental illness has been one of the major issues of health concern in the society. For a very long time, people have been suffering from a wide range of mental disorders. Some of the major mental disorders affecting people Management are anxiety, and depression. Initially, people with mental illnesses were stigmatized and regarded as misfits and dangerous people who should not be allowed to be part of the society. However, nowadays, the mentally-ill persons are accepted as part of the society. Efforts have been made in Australia, for instance, to eliminate any unnecessary stigmatizations that increase the health burden of the mentally-ill. The improvements in the delivery of mental health care have been achieved as a result of the continuous scientific research so far done to establish the causes, symptoms, risk facts, treatment, and prevention measures for the mental illnesses. This paper presents a critical analysis of the chemical theories associated with the generalized anxiety di sorder. Generalized anxiety disorder is a mental illness that has been affecting people in Australia. It is a mental condition that is linked with the brains neurotransmitters. When a person gets this condition, the levels of neurotransmitter become irregular in the brain. The irregularity of the neurotransmitters is not a desirable thing because the chemical substance is supposed to be in the right levels. It is required to be fully-functional because it can be relied upon to transmit signals between different nerve endings. Therefore, any impairment as a result of the disorder can hinder it from effectively discharging its duties in the body. However, it is important to note that the Generalized Anxiety Disorder does not affect all the neurotransmitters, but only impairs the functioning of serotonin, GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), and norepinephrine. The risk factors for the Generalized Anxiety Disorder include work problems; school problems; relationship problems; health problems; financial problems; sleep deprivation; and genetics. These are the conditions which might increase the susceptibility of an individual. For example, when it comes to genetic contribution, research has established that at least 20% of cases of the disorder are inherited. There are different theories which have been put in place to explain the causation of the disorder. Over the years, scholars have been engaging in a series of researchers to find out a conclusive theory that can be relied upon to provide adequate and reliable explanation on the causes and nature of the disorder. Some of the outstanding theories are the chemical imbalance theory; genetic predisposition theory; and biological problem with the brain theory. Chemical Imbalance Theory Chemical imbalance is one of the original theories of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). According to this theory, the GAD Management is caused by the imbalance in chemicals of the brain. The theory was developed in the 1990s by a group of pharmaceutical companies which had been conducting a research on anxiety, depression and other mental disorders. The pharmaceutical firms had to engage in the research because it was a necessary thing to do. It would enable the researchers to find out more information about the disorder before coming up with appropriate medications that can be used to treat it. This was justifiable because, for drugs to function well, a proper research needs to be conducted to unmask all the necessary information about the causes and effects of the illness on the body. Once the causes of the real causes of the illness were known, it would be easier for the pharmaceuticals to develop that the drugs that would be used to correct the situation. At the same time, for people to accept a medication, they should have adequate understanding on its significant contributions in the treatment of the diseases which affect them. According to this theory, GAD is caused by the imbalance of chemicals in the brain. As already hinted, GAD is a condition that is associated with the changes in the levels of the neurotransmitters. The neurotransmitters are chemicals which play a significant role in the human body. The transmission of the nerve messages across the Central Nervous System (CNS) is important because it can ensure that the body functions well and discharges its roles as expected. However, any impairment in the neurotransmitters can be disastrous because it can deny the CNS including the brain, an opportunity to carry out its activities as expected. The theory was therefore important because, at least, it created some knowledge. It gave insights on the relationship between the GAD and the neurotransmitters. The efforts made by the pharmaceutical firms to develop the theory paid-off because, as time went by, the theory of chemical imbalance became so popular. Many people, including the medics, who had been convinced by the theory of chemical imbalance, had to use the drugs because it would correct the imbalance neurotransmitters and treat mental disorders including GAD. The correction of the chemical imbalance was a serious issue that had to be addressed if at all effective drugs had been developed by some of the renowned pharmaceutical firms in the society (Slade, et al., 2014). Despite its successes in the first few years, the chemical imbalance theory did not last for long because its popularity was short-lived. The reason for the loss of popularity is because the scholars who formulated theory never proved it at all. It was purely theoretical. During the whole of the period when the theory was in use, there was no single experiment which was carried out to prove that there were chemical imbalances in the human brain. The theory was rejected by the mental health care workers who had claimed that the justifications given for the theory were not accurate because they never represented a true picture of the mentally-ill patients. In 2006, the theory was proven to be untrue after a series of researches by independent groups revealed so before it was finally laid to rest by on July 11, 2011 by Dr. Pies Ronald categorically stated, In the past 30 years, I dont believe I have ever heard a knowledgeable, well- trained psychiatrist make such a preposterous claim [a bout chemical imbalance in the brain], except perhaps to mock it. Such statements greatly impacted on the future of the theory because they were made by reputable people who could convince the global community because they are concerned stakeholders who had expressed lots concern about the delivery of psychiatric services (Rogers Pilgrim, 2014). Genetic Predisposition Theory of Generalized Disorder The genetic predisposition theory came into being after the decline in popularity of its predecessor-chemical imbalance theory. According to this theory, GAD is caused by genes. Genes which are the chemical compositions responsible for the transmission of traits from a parent to the siblings can play a significant role in the transmission of the disorder. All the human beings have genes. Since everyone is born of two parents, all the offspring have to acquire their genes from the parents. Genetic transfer is important because it enables the offspring to acquire the traits that are possessed by their parents. However, the disadvantage of genes is that it can encourage the transfer if illnesses or undesirable traits from the parents to their offspring. The gene predisposition theory has been supported by the research which has established that there 1 in 4 chances of the development of the GAD in a family. Meaning, if a family has a person suffering from the GAD, there are likelihood that at least one family member has to develop a similar condition. The researchers came to conclude that the incidence of GAD in such families is caused by genetic transfer because they never established any other cause. The gene predisposition theory is still in use today (Kidd, Kenny McKinstry, 2014). Today, all the mental illnesses have been linked to genetic predisposition. Meaning, the diseases can be easily inherited by an individual who has a parent or siblings with similar conditions. Despite its popularity, the genetic predisposition theory still faces a few criticisms here and there. Many people are criticizing the theory for not been effective in explaining the exact cause of mental illnesses in the society. Although GAD Management has been linked to the transfer of genes from one person to another, it has not been proven if actually the condition is caused by genetics. The existence of mental condition in different members of a family does not necessarily show that the disease has anything to do with genetics (Canvin, Rugksa, Sinclair Burns, 2014). A recent research conducted on identical twins revealed that despite sharing identical genes, identical twins do not share common mental and medical outcomes. It is for this reason that even identical twins can experience different types of mental disorders. The research findings can be relied upon to justify the argument that mental illnesses is not inherited. Critics believe that GAD, as a mental illness, cannot be transmitted through the genes. The fact that the condition can be experienced members of a family does not mean that it is inherited. Instead, the condition should be linked to environmental and behavioral factors which of course play a significant role in their transmission. Many studies have disproved the theory because they have found out that it is not gene, but behavior and environment which play a pivotal role in the expression of mental and other illnesses. The use of genes to justify cause of the GAD is not reliable because genetic causes have been linked to all the mental illnesses (Whiteford, et al., 2014). Meaning, it has not truth. These are the criticisms which will be applied in bringing down the theory. However, as it is today, the genetic predisposition theory is still applicable in justifying the cause of GAD. It explains how influential the genetic composition can be in the expression of GAD. Genetic predispos ition is still a popular theory that is not only used in justifying the causes of GAD, but generally applied in mental care to explain the causes of all the other mental disorders that affect people in the country (Donato Segal, 2013). However, in order to make the theory to be acceptable by everyone, further research should be carried out to explain the role of environment and behavior in influencing the expression of mental illnesses. Conclusive explanations should be given to answer why the people who effectively manage their behaviors tend to address the mental illnesses troubling them. GAD is a mental condition which can be treated. Today, the condition can be treated suing drugs. Some of the most effective medications for the disorder are clonazepam (Klonopin), and lorazepam (Ativan). Conclusion GAD is a mental disorder which is linked with the imbalanced of the neurotransmitters in the body. Human body has a CNS system which pays a significant role in coordinating all the cognitive and physical activities. Given the pivotal role of brain in the body, any abnormality in its functioning can greatly impair the normal functioning of the body. It is for this reason that GAD causes depression and anxiety which in turn interfere with a persons normal thinking, and performance of day-to-day activities. Although the research on the GAD is still ongoing, there are certain theories which have been put in place to justify its causes. Two of the outstanding chemical theories are the chemical imbalance ad gene predisposition theories. The chemical imbalance theory which was once the most popular theory of GDAD suggested that the condition is caused by the imbalance of chemical substances in the body. The theory which was developed by the pharmaceutical firms suggests that an individual can become mentally-ill as a result of the imbalance in the chemicals which are used in the transmission of nerve impulses across the CNS. However, the theory lost its popularity because of a fierce criticism from psychiatrists like Dr. Pies Ronald who faulted it for being a mere claims that was not scientifically-proven. On the other hand, the gene predisposition theory that followed it still remains a popular theory. The association of genetic predisposition has been used to support the occurrence of GAD and many other illnesses in the society. References Canvin, K., Rugksa, J., Sinclair, J. Burns, T. (2014). Patient, psychiatrist and family carer experiences of community treatment orders: qualitative study. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 49(12), pp.1873-1882. Donato, R. Segal, L. (2013). Does Australia have the appropriate health reform agenda to close the gap in Indigenous health?. Australian Health Review, 37(2), pp.232-238. Rogers, A. Pilgrim, D. (2014). A sociology of mental health and illness. London: McGraw- Hill Education (UK). Kidd, S., Kenny, A., McKinstry, C. (2014). From experience to action in recovery-oriented mental health practice: A first person inquiry. Action Research, 12(4), 357-373. Slade, M., et al., (2014). Uses and abuses of recovery: implementing recovery?oriented practices in mental health systems. World Psychiatry, 13(1), 12-20. Whiteford, H. A., et al. (2014). Estimating treatment rates for mental disorders in Australia. Australian Health Review, 38(1), 80-85